Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome: America's Legacy of Enduring Injury and Healing -- Joy Angela Degruy, Paperback

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Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome: America's Legacy of Enduring Injury and Healing -- Joy Angela Degruy, PaperbackFrom the beginning of American chattel slavery in 1619, until the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865, Africans were hunted like animals, captured, sold, tortured and raped. They experienced the worst kind of physical, emotional, psycho logical and spiritual abuse. Given such history, Dr. Joy DeGruy asks, "Isn't it likely that many slaves were severely traumatized? Furthermore, did the trauma and the effects of such horrific abuse end

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